What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth. It starts with bacterial growth in your mouth and may lead to tooth loss if untreated. The disease ranges from simple gum inflammation to serious damage to the soft tissue and bone.
Stages of Gum Disease
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage. It causes red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing. At this point, no bone or tissue damage has occurred.
Periodontitis
If not treated, gingivitis progresses to periodontitis. In this stage, the inner layer of the gum and bone pull away from the teeth, forming pockets. These spaces collect debris and become infected. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen, causing further damage.
Common Causes of Gum Disease
Several factors contribute to gum disease, including:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Hormonal changes
- Diabetes
- Certain medications
- Genetics
Plaque buildup is the main culprit. If not removed daily, it hardens into tartar, which can only be cleaned professionally.
Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Early symptoms may be mild. Still, prompt attention is crucial. Watch out for:
- Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath
- Swollen or red gums
- Gum recession
- Loose teeth
- Pain while chewing
Not all symptoms appear at once. A dental checkup is the best way to confirm the condition.
Risk Factors That Make Gum Disease Worse
Some people are more prone to gum disease due to various risk factors. These include:
- Age: Older adults face higher risks
- Stress: Affects the body’s ability to fight infection
- Poor nutrition: Weakens the immune system
- Medical conditions: HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments reduce resistance to infection
Managing these risk factors can slow disease progression.
How to Prevent Gum Disease
Prevention starts with good oral care habits. Here’s what you should do:
- Brush twice daily using fluoride toothpaste
- Floss at least once a day
- Use mouthwash to kill bacteria
- Visit your dentist every six months
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
- Quit smoking immediately
Staying consistent helps reduce the risk significantly.
Effective Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Some options include:
Professional Cleaning
During routine cleanings, plaque and tartar are removed. For early-stage gingivitis, this may be enough.
Scaling and Root Planing
This deep-cleaning procedure removes tartar from below the gum line and smoothens root surfaces.
Medications
Antibiotic gels or antimicrobial mouth rinses help reduce bacterial infection.
Surgical Treatments
In severe cases, flap surgery or bone grafts may be necessary to restore support to the teeth.
Why Early Detection Matters
Catching gum disease early makes it easier to treat. It also prevents irreversible damage to teeth and bone. Regular dental visits are key to monitoring gum health.
Final Thoughts on Gum Disease
Gum disease can be silent yet destructive. Early action is the best defence. Daily care, dental visits, and a healthy lifestyle make all the difference. Protect your smile—your gums deserve it.
